Portrait work in a studio setting

Fill light- used to reduce the contrast of a scene and provide some illumination for the areas of the image that are in shadow.

Main light-Outdoors the brightest source of light is usually the sun. In the studio, the sun's role is filled by the main light. Like the sun it's the brightest source of light and casts the darkest shadows.

Hair light-A small light used to emphasize a particular part of the subject/object being photographed.

Background light-

a controlled technique of lighting, used in photography or the theater, in which a light is placed behind or at right angles to an objects, person, or scene to produce such effects as depth or separation of subject and background.
 

Shadowless- Having no shadow.
 
Butterfly- Is where the main light is placed fairly high, directly in front of the face - aimed at the center of the nose. It casts a shadow shaped like a butterfly beneath the nose.

Loop-

Split- When the main light is placed directly to the left or right of the subject giving a shadow that splits the subject.


Grey Card-a middle gray reference, typically used together with a reflective light meter, as a way to produce consistent image exposure and/or color in film and photogaphy.

Hard light versus soft light-hard light is when the light source is small relative to the subject, Soft light is when a light source is large relative to the subject

Strength - shutter speed and aperture's appropriate to portraits

3:1 lighting ratio-